ALCOHOLISM/ADDICTION
 
Definition

Alcoholism is an illness marked by consumption of alcoholic beverages at a level that interferes with physical or mental health, and social, family, or occupational responsibilities. Alcoholism is divided into 2 categories: dependence and abuse. People with alcohol dependence, the most severe alcohol disorder, usually experience tolerance and withdrawal. Tolerance is a need for markedly increased amounts of alcohol to achieve intoxication or the desired effect. Withdrawal occurs when alcohol is discontinued or intake is decreased. Alcohol dependents spend a great deal of time both drinking alcohol, and obtaining it. Alcohol abusers are "problem drinkers", that is, they may have legal problems, such as drinking and driving, or binge drinking (drinking 6 or more drinks on one occasion). People who are dependent on or abuse alcohol return to its use despite evidence of physical or psychological problems. Those with dependence have more severe problems and a greater compulsion to drink.

Aetiology / Risk Factors

Major causative factors and risk factors that can contribute to incidence of alcoholism include

  • Genetic causes
  • Pre-existing psychiatric disorder
  • Early onset of alcohol consumption
  • Stress
symptoms and Signs
 
Common signs and symptoms of alcoholism include:
  • Solitary drinking
  • Need for daily or frequent use of alcohol for adequate function
  • Lack of control over drinking, with inability to discontinue or reduce alcohol intake
  • Neglect of food intake and physical appearance
  • Nausea and vomiting, shaking in the morning, confusion
  • Abdominal pain, pancreatitis, hepatitis
.